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A prominent Russian state economist was fired after publicly warning that Moscow is losing an economic “war of attrition” with the West and could eventually face a social crisis, as the European Union prepares a major expansion of sanctions targeting Russia’s military-industrial base.
The episode goes beyond an internal Kremlin personnel shake-up. For Washington and its European allies, the central question is whether years of economic pressure are beginning to constrain Moscow’s ability to sustain the war — or whether Russia can continue absorbing the costs while replenishing the resources needed to fight.
Andrei Klepach, chief economist at state development bank VEB.RF, was dismissed after remarks in which he said Russia was falling behind technologically and economically and suffering mounting costs from the war in Ukraine, two sources familiar with the matter told Reuters on Aug. 17.
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Andrey Klepach, chief economist of VEB.RF, attends a session of the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum (SPIEF) in Saint Petersburg, Russia June 16, 2022. (Anton Vaganov/Reuters)
VEB confirmed to Reuters that Klepach was no longer its chief economist but did not give a reason for his departure. Klepach, who had held the position since 2014 after spending a decade at Russia’s Economy Ministry, also confirmed his dismissal.
“We are falling behind. We are losing both the technological and economic competition in the world,” Klepach said in a May speech to the Nikitsky Club, a forum of economists, academics and government officials. The remarks were delivered in May but did not draw attention in Russian media until last week.
“And we are losing it not only to China and the United States, in some ways we are losing it to Ukraine too,” he said, attributing Ukraine’s resilience in part to continued financial backing from the West.
“We will not win the competition in this war of attrition,” Klepach said. “We have the illusion that everything there [in Ukraine] will collapse. It has not collapsed and will not collapse. Our costs are mounting.”
Klepach acknowledged that Russia had proved resilient to Western sanctions but warned that Ukrainian attacks on energy and logistics infrastructure were creating additional economic pressure. Reuters noted that Russia’s central bank said in July that economic growth could fall as low as zero this year, while repeated Ukrainian strikes on Russian refineries and other facilities have caused supply disruptions and added to inflation risks.
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Cars queue to refuel at a Lukoil fuel station amid fuel shortages following recent series of Ukrainian air attacks on oil refineries in Russian regions and further gasoline production cuts, in the course of the Russia-Ukraine conflict, in Moscow, Russia, August 17, 2026. (Anastasia Barashkova/Reuters)
“Economically we will not collapse, but our lag will continue to grow, with all the resulting consequences,” Klepach said, predicting that Russia could face a social crisis “precisely when nobody is particularly expecting it.”
A European intelligence source told Digital that Russia’s deeper economic problems should not be confused with immediate financial pressure on Putin. The source said higher oil prices had helped Moscow cover more of its budget deficit and could give the Kremlin additional time before economic constraints begin forcing difficult choices over the war. “It doesn’t solve the fundamental economic problems in Russia, but from a budgetary point of view, Putin is okay actually,” the source said. “He’s not under pressure.”
The source argued that this could delay expectations that deteriorating economic and budget conditions would eventually pressure Putin to end the war, potentially allowing Moscow to continue fighting “another spring” or “another season.” The assessment adds a counterpoint to Klepach’s warning: Russia may be losing ground economically over the longer term while still retaining enough near-term revenue to sustain its war effort.
The warning comes as the European Union prepares to intensify its economic pressure on Moscow.
EU foreign policy chief Kaja Kallas told Germany’s Die Welt that she plans to propose what she called the “most far-reaching sanctions listings since the start of the war.” Kallas said existing EU sanctions had deprived Russia’s war machine of more than $1.16 trillion, , a figure presented by Kallas and reported by Reuters on Aug. 17.
EU diplomatic sources told Reuters that the bloc’s diplomatic service is expected to propose sanctions against approximately 1,600 additional Russian individuals and entities, with a particular focus on the country’s military-industrial complex.
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Yabloko party deputy chairman Lev Shlosberg, accused of discrediting Russia’s armed forces and spreading false information about them, attends a court hearing in Pskov, Russia, August 17, 2026. Shlosberg was sentenced to 11 years and one month in a penal colony. Picture taken with a mobile phone. (Dmitry Vasilyev/Reuters)
The measures are expected to include asset freezes along with travel and transaction bans. Officials plan to present the list to EU governments in early September and aim for adoption in October.
Inside Russia, authorities also moved Monday against one of the country’s remaining prominent liberal opposition figures.
Lev Shlosberg, deputy chairman of the Yabloko party, was sentenced to 11 years and one month in a penal colony, independent Russian outlet Mediazona reported. Shlosberg was accused of ‘discrediting Russia’s armed forces and spreading false information’ about them.
Shlosberg, who described the war during his trial as a catastrophe for Russia, maintained his innocence and said the case against him was political. He also repeated his call for a ceasefire. The sentencing came a week after Russia’s Supreme Court barred Yabloko from participating in next month’s parliamentary election.
Meanwhile, attacks continued through the weekend and into Monday.
Russian strikes targeted port infrastructure in Ukraine’s Izmail district in the Odesa region overnight, according to Ukrainian authorities. A separate strike damaged a civilian Togo-flagged vessel and injured four people. Across the border, a Ukrainian drone attack killed a woman and struck an industrial facility in Russia’s southern Astrakhan region, the regional governor said.
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Smoke and flames rise over Moscow on June 18, 2026, following a Ukrainian drone attack that hit the Kapotnya oil refinery and other targets in the Russian capital. (East2West)
Separately, ArcelorMittal said a Russian missile strike on its Kryvyi Rih steel plant over the weekend killed two employees and injured three employees and contractors, damaging major energy and blast-furnace facilities and partially halting production.
Reuters contributed to this report.
