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The scope of the Iranian delegation at Switzerland’s first round of technical talks with the United States on Sunday underscored what an analyst described as Tehran’s red-line demand for “immediate cash flow” and significant financial concessions from the get-go.
The team’s arrival at Bürgenstock came within days of a breakthrough memorandum of understanding (MOU) signed by President Donald Trump and Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian and after follow-up talks were called off, fueling uncertainty across the region.
“These are the most consequential negotiations America has entered in the Middle East in years. Iran knows that, and it is playing it very well,” counterterrorism expert Dr. Omar Mohammed told Digital.
“Tehran arrived as if this were the moment to collect,” Mohammed, director of the Program on Extremism at George Washington University, said.
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Tehran sent an unprecedented ‘whole-regime’ team to the U.S. deal talks, which signals one priority, a counterterrorism expert said. (URS FLUEELER/Pool via REUTERS)
Iranian state media also confirmed that Tehran had sent a whole-regime apparatus, led by chief negotiator Mohammad Baqer Qalibaf and Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi.
Their team includes top security, legal and financial figures, including Abdolnaser Hemmati, governor of the Central Bank of Iran, leading the economic committee; Ali Bagheri Kani, deputy secretary of Iran’s Supreme National Security Council; Kazem Gharibabadi, Iran’s deputy foreign minister handling legal affairs; as well as senior state oil and energy officials.
Mohammed noted that Iran purposely bypassed a narrow, diplomatic-only team to protect its domestic leverage.
“Iran has not only sent diplomats; it has sent the foreign ministry, the security state, the central bank, legal affairs and oil,” he explained. “This is a whole-regime delegation built around implementation, money, leverage and red lines.”
Araghchi, Mohammed said, is the diplomatic face, while Bagheri Kani brings the Supreme National Security Council into the room, meaning the security establishment is overseeing the process and “protecting the regime’s red lines.”
The inclusion of Iran’s top financial and energy officials also sends the clearest signal of Tehran’s primary objective: immediate cash flow, “energy leverage” and control of maritime operations, the expert said.
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Vice President JD Vance speaks during a news conference after meeting with representatives from Pakistan and Iran in Islamabad, Pakistan, on April 12, 2026. Jared Kushner and Steve Witkoff listen during the event. (Jacquelyn Martin/Pool/Getty Images)
“Hemmati’s presence on Sunday was one of the clearest signals. You do not send the central bank governor to a symbolic meeting. You send him when the question is money: frozen assets, sanctions relief, banking channels, usable currency and how quickly Iran can turn promises on paper into cash it can actually spend,” Mohammed said.
“The oil official is another major signal. If oil is in the room, Hormuz is in the room. For an American policymaker, that means maritime security and energy leverage.”
Gharibabadi’s presence, Mohammed said, pointed directly to a legal battlefield over verification and language, perhaps designed to ensure Iran can bypass future enforcement.
The U.S. delegation, which includes Vice President JD Vance, is anchored by U.S. Special Envoy for Peace Missions Steve Witkoff and former senior White House adviser Jared Kushner.
Vance had indicated that Washington was hopeful it could make progress on both the nuclear issue and the escalating Lebanon ceasefire crisis while in Switzerland.
On Sunday, he said Trump had asked to turn over “a new leaf” to transform the U.S. relationship with Iran and that the talks starting in Switzerland would allow both sides to work to resolve issues.
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In this picture obtained from Iran’s ISNA news agency, Mojtaba Khamenei (C), son of Iran’s supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, walks along a street in Tehran on May 31, 2019. (Hamid FOROUTAN / ISNA / AFP via Getty Images)
In contrast, according to Iran International, hardline lawmaker Mahmoud Nabavian read excerpts he described as top-secret letters from Supreme Leader Mojtaba Khamenei on Iranian state TV.
He alleged the leader opposed nuclear talks, demanded compensation from Washington and insisted on Iran’s control of the Strait of Hormuz before the live program was cut.
Now, the differing composition of the two teams underscores the starkly different approaches both nations are bringing to the table, Mohammed said.
“Iran is not only negotiating substance, but negotiating the terms under which it can later avoid pressure,” Mohammed warned. “If the money comes first and the concessions come later, Tehran will not interpret that as compromise. It will interpret it as victory.”
“If Washington gives Iran cash, oil access and legal protection while Iran keeps Hormuz, proxies, missiles and nuclear options alive, then America has not bought peace. It has financed Iran’s next phase,” Mohammed suggested.
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“This delegation is not designed to end Iran’s leverage. It is designed to collect the benefits of the pause, preserve the regime’s pressure points and carry them into the next round.”
On Sunday, talks between Iran and the U.S. were paused but not ended, Reuters reported.
